there is no documentary evidence that can tell us exactly who coined the term educational technology. Various educationists, scientists and philosophers in different time intervals have put forward different definitions of educational technology. Educational technology is a multifaceted and integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, equipment and organization, where technologies from different fields of science was borrowed by the need and requirement for the implementation of education, assessment and management solutions to the problems involved in all aspects of human learning.
Educational technology, generally speaking, has passed through the five degrees .
The first phase of educational technology is combined with the use of aids such as charts, maps, symbols, models, patterns and concrete materijale.Pojam educational technology has been used as synonyms for the audio-visual aids.
The second phase of educational technology is related to the "electronic revolution" with the introduction and establishment of sophisticated hardware and software. Using a variety of audio-visual aids such as projectors, magic lanterns, a tape recorder, radio and television has brought revolutionary changes in the educational scenario. According to Thus, the concept of educational technology has taken in terms of sophisticated instruments and equipment for effective presentation of instructional materials.
The third phase of educational technology associated with the development of mass media, which led to the communications revolution for instructional purposes. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for the education of the 1950's and became popular during this period.
The fourth stage of educational technology is evident is an individualized process nastave.Izum programmed learning and programmed instruction provided a new dimension of educational tehnologije.Sustav self-study is based on self-teaching materials and teaching machines appeared.
the newest concept of educational technology is influenced by the concept of systems engineering or systems approach that focuses on language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed instruction, multimedia technology and computer use in the classroom. According to him, educational technology is a systematic way of developing, implementing and evaluating the whole process of teaching and learning in terms of specific objectives based on research.
Educational technology in the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age
Educational technology, despite the uncertainty about the origin of the term, can be traced back to a period of three years a system of periodization of human prehistory;. To the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age
Duringthe Stone Age, igniting a fire by rubbing stones, production of various small arms and accessories made of stone and apparel practice some of the simple technological development is extremely važnosti.Dio Stone Age people developed a ocean worthy boat outrigger canoe technology to migrate from one place to another across the ocean, which developed its first formal education of knowledge of ocean currents, weather conditions, sailing practice, astronavigation and star maps. During the Neolithic period (Neolithic), for agricultural practices, stone tools were made of various hard rock mainly by digging underground tunnels, which can be considered as a first step in mining tehnologije.Polirane axes were so effective that even after the appearance of bronze and iron;. People are used to cleaning the forests and the establishment of crop
Though the stone age cultures did not leave written, but archaeological evidence to prove their shift from the nomadic life of agricultural settlements. Ancient tools stored in various museums, cave paintings as the Altamira Cave in Spain, and other prehistoric art, such as the Willendorf Venus, the Mother Goddess from Laussel, France, etc. are just some of the evidence in favor of their culture.
of the Stone Age Neolithic revolution resulted in the emergence of the Bronze Age to the development of agriculture, animal domestication, and the adoption of a permanent settlement. For the practice of Bronze Age people continue to develop metal smelting, the copper and later bronze, alloy of copper and tin, as the material of your choice.
Iron Age people are replaced by bronze and iron smelting developed knowledge of technology to reduce the cost of living of iron utensils are stronger and cheaper than bronze equivalents. In many cultures of Eurasia, the Iron Age was the last time before the development of written scripts.
Educational technology during ancient civilization
According to Paul Saettler, 2004, educational technology can be traced back to the time when the tribal priests systematized body of knowledge and culture of ancient pictographs and invented the character of writing to record and transmit information. In every phase of human civilization, can be found teaching technique or set of procedures intended to implement a particular culture that supports a number of research and dokaza.Naprednije culture, technology has become more complex instructions designed to reflect a sense of individual and social behavior intended to initiate an educated society. Over the centuries, each major shift in educational values, goals or objectives resulting in different technology classes.
Indus Valley Civilization was an early Bronze Age civilization that was located in the northwestern part of Indian potkontinenta.Civilizacija primarily flourished around the confluence of the Indus River Indus and the Punjab region, which extends upto the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley and the Ganges-Yamuna doable (most are under the present Pakistan and western states of contemporary India, as a part of civilization expansion upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran ).
There is a long term slow to make sure the language of Harappan people spoke. It is assumed that their writing is at least seems to be, or pictographic skriptu.Skripta seems to be about 400 basic characters, with lots of variations. People write their scripts in a direction generally from right to left. Most writing is found on seals and gaskets that are probably used in trade and service and administrative duties.
Harappan people had knowledge of measuring tools for length, mass and time. They were the first in the world to develop a unified system of weights and measures.
In a study conducted by Rao PN et al. in 2009, published in the journal Science, computer scientists have discovered that the Indus script is a sample closer to the spoken word, which supports the proposed hypothesis that the code for you-yet-unknown language.
According to the Chinese civilization, some of the major techno-bid from China include paper, early seismological detectors, toilet paper, matches, metal plug, multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, the wheelbarrow, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, raised-relief map, furnaces, propeller, crossbow, chariots and South Indicating gun powder. With the invent of paper they gave their first step towards the development of educational technology to further cultivation of handmade paper products as a means of visual aids.
The ancient Egyptian language was at one point one of the longest surviving and uses of language in the world. Their letter was composed of images of real things such as birds, animals, various tools, etc. These images are popularly known as hieroglyphics. Their language was composed of over 500 hieroglyphs that are known as hieroglyphics. On stone monuments or graves that were discovered and rescued by the second to provide evidence of the existence of many forms of art hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.
Educational technology during the medieval and modern period
Paper and pulp paper process that was developed in China during the early second century BC, was conducted in the Middle East and has spread to the Mediterranean by the Muslim conquest. The evidence support that the paper has also been found in Sicily in the 12th stoljeću.Otkriće spinning wheel increase the productivity of any decision to a large extent, and when Lynn White added a spinning wheel with the increase in supply tag, this has led to the production of cheap paper, which is the prime factor in the development of printing technology.
the invention of printing came in around 1450 AD, Johannes Gutenburg, a German inventor. The invention of the printing press is a prime factor in the development history of educational technology transfer instructions as per the need of complex and advanced technology culture society.
In pre-industrial phase, and the industry is simply a handmade craft level, learning processes have relied on very simple things such as slate, horn books, blackboard, chalk in. It was limited to a single textbook with several illustrations. Educational technology is considered synonymous with simple aids such as charts and pictures.
in 1873 can be regarded as an early landmark in the history of technology education and audio-visual obrazovanja.Izložba was held in Vienna at an international level in which the American school won the admiration of educators for the exhibition of maps, charts, books and other equipment.
Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally renowned child educator and initiator Montessori method made a dynamic impact on educational technology through her development of graded materials are designed to correct the order of items for each student. Modern educational technology shows many extension ideas prepared Montessori child-focused environment.
In1833, Charles Babbage's design of general purpose computing device laid the foundations of modern computer and 1943, the first computing machine by hi design is built by International Business Machines Corporation in the United States u.Computer assisted instruction (CAI), which the computer is functioning essentially as a teacher, a writer and interview type was developed by OK Moore in 1966. Since 1974, computers are used in an interesting education in schools, colleges and universities.
At the beginning of the 19th century, it is noteworthy changes in the field of education. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), right from its inception in 1920 shows the school has maintained a rapid pace in developing a sound contribution to formal education. In the U.S., by 1952, 20 countries is the provision of educational broadcasting. Parallel to this point about 98% of schools in the UK are equipped with radio and there are regular daily programs.
Sidney L. Pressey, psychologist, Ohio State University have developed a self-learning machine called the "Drum tutor 'in 1920. Professor Skinner, however, in his famous article" The science of learning and art classes, "published in 1945 pleaded for the application knowledge derived from behavioral psychology in the classroom and other instructional procedures automated devices as a means to do so.
Although the first practical application of regular television in Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Berlin Olympics were broadcast by television stations in Berlin, Open circuit television began to be used primarily for broadcasting to entertainment in 1950. Since 1960, television is used for educational purposes only.
In 1950, Brynmor, in England, uses educational technology steps for the first time. It is to be hospitalized in 1960, as a result of the industrial revolution in America and Russia, other countries also began advancing in the field of educational technology. In this way, at the beginning of educational technology was held in 1960 from the U.S. and Russia, and now has reached England, Europe and India.
During the time around 1950, a new technocracy is the attractiveness of education by turning it when the sheer shortage of teachers in America and therefore an urgent need of educational technology is felt. Dr. Alvin C. Eurich and later his colleague, Dr. Alexander J. Stoddard introduced the technology of mass production in America.
these classes has its origins in America in the mid-1950s and was first started in the year 1955 at Harvard University in the internship plan.
In 1956, Benjamin Bloom of the United States introduced a taxonomy of educational objectives through its publication "Taxonomy of educational objectives, the classification of educational goals, Handbook I: Cognitive domain ".
In 1961, Micro teaching technique was first adopted by Dwight W. Allen and his colleagues at Stanford University in the United States.
Electronics is a major technology developed in the beginning of the 21st century. Broadband Internet access has become a popular and occupied almost all important offices and educational places, and even common place in developed countries, with the advantage of home computers to connect to music libraries and mobile phones.
Today's classroom is more likely to be a technology lab, a room with rows of students use the Internet or connected to Wi-Fi enabled laptops, palmtops, notepad, or perhaps students attending a video conferencing or virtual classroom, or may have been listening to the podcast or taking in a video lecture. Rapid technological changes in education have created new ways to teach and learn. Technological change is motivated teachers to access various information on a global scale via the Internet, to enhance their lessons and to make them competent professional in your field of interest. At the same time, students can use the vast resources of the Internet to enrich their learning experience to cope with the changing trends of society. Now days, students and teachers attending seminars, conferences, workshops at national and international levels, using multimedia resources such as techno-PowerPoint, and they even keep a number of important courses of their choice at a distance by way of online learning methods. Online learning facility was opened by an infinite number of door options for today's students to make their lives happier than ever before.
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